The main indexes affecting the performance of insulating materials are as follows:
1, insulation resistance and resistivity
Resistance is the reciprocal of conductance, and resistivity is the resistance per unit volume. The smaller the conductivity of a material, the greater its resistance, and the reciprocal relationship between them. For insulating materials, it is always desirable that the resistivity be as high as possible.
2. Relative dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent
Insulating materials are used for two purposes: mutual insulation of various parts of the electric network and dielectric (energy storage) of capacitors. The former requires a small relative dielectric constant, while the latter requires a large relative dielectric constant, and both require a small dielectric loss tangent, especially for insulating materials applied at high frequency and high voltage. In order to make the dielectric loss small, insulating materials with a small dielectric loss tangent are required.
3, breakdown voltage and electrical strength
In a certain strong electric field, the insulation material is destroyed, and it loses its insulation performance and becomes conductive, which is called breakdown. The voltage at breakdown is called breakdown voltage (dielectric strength). Electrical strength is the quotient of the voltage when breakdown occurs under specified conditions and the distance between two electrodes subjected to external voltage, that is, the breakdown voltage per unit thickness. For insulating materials, the higher the breakdown voltage and electrical strength, the better.
4. Tensile strength
Is the maximum tensile stress that the sample bears in the tensile test. It is the most widely used and representative test of mechanical properties of insulating materials.
5. Combustion resistance
Refers to the ability of insulating materials to resist combustion when contacting with flame or to prevent further combustion when leaving flame. With the increasing application of insulating materials, it is more important to require its flame resistance. People improve and improve the flame resistance of insulating materials by various means. The higher the combustion resistance, the better the safety.
6, arc resistance
Under the specified test conditions, the ability of insulating materials to withstand the action of electric arc along their surfaces. In the test, AC high voltage and low current are used, and the arc resistance of the insulating material is judged by the time required to form a conductive layer on the surface of the insulating material under the arc action generated by high voltage between two electrodes. The greater the time value, the better the arc resistance.
7. Sealing degree
It is better to seal and isolate oil quality and water quality.
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